TEACHING LISTENING AND SPEAKING: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE 5.2







Three most Important in Teacher listening are: point of views, perspective, processing Strategies. First teaching Listening mentioned three points of views are: EARLIER VIEWS: Recognizing reduced forms of words, cohesive devices in texts, and identifying key words in texts, LATER VIEWS: Bottom up and Top down processing and the role of prior knowledge and schema in comprehension.
CURRENT VIEWS:  emphasize the role of listener as active participants in listening, employing strategies to facilitate, monitor, and evaluate his listening. SECOND  two perspective in teaching listening: A-LISTENING AS COMPREHENSION,  B-LISTENIG  AS ACQUISITION, Listening  as comprehension traditional way of thinking about the nature of listening, the main function
Of listening in EFL is to facilitate understanding of spoken Discourse, listening serves the goal of extracting meaning form messages. Listening as acquisition it considers how listening can provide input which triggers the further development of second language proficiency, noticing features of the input. Incorporate new linguistic items into the language repertoire, restructuring, complexification
and reproducing stretched output. Third Processing to Understand Listening BOTTOM UP it refers to use of incoming input as the basis for understanding the message, Comprehension begins with the received data: Sounds, Words, Clauses, sentences, Texts. EXAMPLE:  Dictation, cloze listening, the use of multiple choice questions after a text, identify key words, positive or negative statements,
Identify which modal verbs occurred in text. STRATEGIES are text based where the listeners use linguistic knowledge to understand information. TOP DOWN it refers to use of background knowledge in understanding the meaning of a message, it goes form meaning to language, schema, EXAMPLE: key words to construct schema of a topic, infer the setting, infer causes and effects, anticipate questions

(Predictions), changing the end of a story, Summarizing, main idea etc. STRATEGIES are listener based, the listener relies on the background knowledge of the topic, the listening context, the text type, and the language and they help the listener to interpret the ideas he has listened.
Ubicación: Zaragoza, El Salvador

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